The long-term consequence of salivary contamination at various stages of adhesive application and clinically feasible remedies to decontaminate

OBJECTIVE To analyse the bond quality in dentine post-ageing after salivary contamination and decontamination at different stages of dental adhesive application. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1120 human dentine specimens were randomly allocated to 14 groups for four intervals (n = 20) to be treated with a self-etching (SE) and universal (U) adhesive. The saliva contamination and decontamination were implemented after surface preparation, after primer application (for SE) and after adhesive curing. The decontamination groups were either rinsed and air-dried or rinsed, air-dried and reapplied with adhesive. They were stored (37°C, distilled water) for four intervals (1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 1 year) and subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. RESULT One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) revealed significant reduction in SBS in all the groups in U adhesive compared with the control group at 1 week (p < 0.0001) and in SE when the contamination took place after primer application. However, decontamination improved the SBS in SE but not in U adhesive. The univariate analysis confirmed significant influences (p < 0.0001) seen by treatment procedure (η2p=0.075), type of adhesive (η2p = 0.328), ageing (η2p = 0.13), experimental groups (η2p = 0.518), and the stage of influence (η2p = 0.60). CONCLUSION Saliva contamination is detrimental after primer application in SE but, decontamination regained the SBS and maintained it over time. In U adhesive, SBS deteriorated over time irrespective of the contamination. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Salivary contamination showed different influences on SBS at various stages of restoration with contemporary dental adhesives

PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the commonest agent causing opportunistic nosocomial infections, contributing to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Along with its intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms, infections caused by Pseudomonas species further lead to treatment failure. This study was done to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of different species of Pseudomonas isolated from various clinical samples by phenotypic methods. Methods: This study involved the examination of clinical samples for various species of Pseudomonas by using different standard biochemical tests. Their antimicrobial susceptibility profile was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Analysis of the antibiogram pattern was done to study the multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas species. Results: Out of the 1249 bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas species accounted for 12.9%. Pseudomonas species showed maximum resistance to gentamicin (31.4%), followed by ciprofloxacin (30.2%. and showed the least resistance tocolistin and polymyxin B. 46 isolates out of the 162 (28%) were found to be Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: The present study highlights that Pseudomonas species remains a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Multidrug resistance was observed in most of the strains, which makes the therapeutic options more difficult. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and strict infection control measures are essentially to be practiced in managing and control of infections caused by Pseudomonas

Dentigerous Cyst associated with Impacted Supernumerary Maxillary Anterior Tooth

Dentigerous cyst (DC) is a common oral lesion formed by&nbsp;fluid accumulation between the fully formed tooth crown and&nbsp;the reduced enamel epithelium. It is associated mostly with&nbsp;&nbsp;mandibular impacted third molar and rarely with the mesiodens.&nbsp;This is an interesting case report of dentigerous cyst in the&nbsp;presence of full complement of teeth

Sponsored data with ISP competition

We analyze the effect of sponsored data platforms when Internet service providers (ISPs) compete for subscribers and content providers (CPs) compete for a share of the bandwidth usage by the customers. Our analytical model is of a full information, leader-follower game. ISPs lead and set prices for sponsorship. CPs then make the binary decision of sponsoring or not sponsoring their content on the ISPs. Lastly, based on both of these, users make a two-part decision of choosing the ISP to which they subscribe, and the amount of data to consume from each of the CPs through the chosen ISP. User consumption is determined by a utility maximization framework, the sponsorship decision is determined by a non-cooperative game between the CPs, and the ISPs set their prices to maximize their profit in response to the prices set by the competing ISP. We analyze the pricing dynamics of the prices set by the ISPs, the sponsorship decisions that the CPs make and the market structure therein, and the surpluses of the ISPs, CPs, and users. This is the first analysis of the effect sponsored data platforms in the presence of ISP competition. We show that inter-ISP competition does not inhibit ISPs from extracting a significant fraction of the CP surplus. Moreover, the ISPs often have an incentive to significantly skew the CP marketplace in favor of the most profitable CP

Porous Pavement

Porous concrete is a special type of cementitious material consisting of a slit-graded aggregate coveredwith a thin layer of cement paste and held together by a layer of cement paste which is partially touching. Porousconcrete is concrete with an unbroken cavity that is deliberately inserted into the concrete. Permit stones are madeof asphalt, open pore foams or concrete, below which the rock deposits are present. It allows grip of rainwater and surface runoff, and store in storage and allow it to slowly penetrate into the soil below or be removed by stream tile. Fully permeable floors are installed in which all layers are permeable, and floor makers use water to collect water and minimize the adverse effects of storm water. The basic surface of both sections is open-air information that allows storm water to enter the sub-grade soil for storage. Due to the open-layer nature of the surface layer and the base layer, storm water enters the groundwater layers through layers of floor to recharge andeliminates the need for floodwater construction. When compared to conventional concrete, Porous concrete was found to have high absorptivity and was fabricated of cement, water, and coarse aggregates and is known to havethe advantages for bringing down the discharge and change the quality of water in ground for better. Other benefits of PC include improved road safety, better off road noise, and less "heat island" effects. Low durability, maintenance due to clogging, relative weakness is some of the downsides of the porous concrete which retards its probable use in the large scale projects. Its use has been limited to parking lots, driveways, sidewalks, and roads with low traffic. Even when space is available, collecting and treating large volumes of polluted runoff from impermeable urban highways is usu ally prohibitively costly. As a result, traditional storm water runoff management in cities will be rendered obsolete. Furthermore, if environmental restrictions become more rigorous in the future, many municipalities in metropolitan regions may be required or encouraged to transition from impermeable paved surfaces to permeable paved surfaces, resulting in a greener ur ban surface evolution

ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS OIL (CYMBOPOGAN CITRATE) AGAINST AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC ORGANISMS

Objective: To find the antibacterial effectiveness of lemon grass (Cymbopogan citrate) oil against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Methods:This is an observational study conducted at Microbiology Clinical laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. It was done over a period of 3 mo from January to March. The extracts of lemongrass leaves were investigated for its effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus), Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens) by Disc Diffusion assay. Results:Our study indicates that the extract of lemongrass oil shows antibacterial activity. Among the tested organisms,&nbsp;aerobic organisms were sensitive. Conclusion: This study thus provides insightful knowledge on antibacterial activity that would lead to further development of lemongrass oil for infectious diseases in the future

Voice Feature Extraction for Gender and Emotion Recognition

Voice recognition plays a key role in spoken communication that helps to identify the emotions of a person that reflects in the voice. Gender classification through speech is a widely used Human Computer Interaction (HCI) as it is not easy to identify gender by computer. This led to the development of a model for “Voice feature extraction for Emotion and Gender Recognition”. The speech signal consists of semantic information, speaker information (gender, age, emotional state), accompanied by noise. Females and males have different voice characteristics due to their acoustical and perceptual differences along with a variety of emotions which convey their own unique perceptions. In order to explore this area, feature extraction requires pre- processing of data, which is necessary for increasing the accuracy. The proposed model follows steps such as data extraction, pre- processing using Voice Activity Detector (VAD), feature extraction using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC), feature reduction by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed combination of techniques produced better results which can be useful in the healthcare sector, virtual assistants, security purposes and other fields related to the Human Machine Interaction domain.&nbsp

Accelerate the Creation of the cross agency Human Services Dataset.

Objective Develop a digital solution for automated data ingestion and rapid update of the large-scale Human Services Dataset (HSDS) which brings together data from across government to take a powerful view of the service usage to improve outcomes of communities. Approach The Centre for Health Record Linkage (CHeReL) hosts a secure, high-performing data linkage system, including a Master Linkage Key (MLK) of administrative health datasets, and generates linked data to inform policy decisions. Since 2018, CHeReL has also been annually linking over 70 frontline datasets to create a large-scale longitudinal linked dataset of over 2.5 billion records. Over the course of 2021, the CHeReL led a project to incrementally improve the currency of the HSDS in compressed timeframes. This provided opportunity to assess value and feasibility of more frequent updates to the dataset within the evaluation and investment context. Results The automated data Ingestion and validation led to a significant reduction in the data processing timeframes for the Accelerated linkage. We observed 80% reduction in Data ingestion and 75% reduction in data validation. The digital solution also allows asset owners to register and approve new data providers, monitor their data provision in real-time and report on data sourcing. This provides transparency to the Asset Owner and reduces the need for time-intensive and manual processes to jointly monitor data provision with the Data Linkage Centre. The digital solution also has the capability to support Data Providers automate their data feeds and provide on a regular basis through a secure non- touch process. This reduces on-going workload and ensures on-time provision. Conclusion The process requires a systematic change in the upstream data source, and we requested participating agencies to send us data in an agreed format. The receipt of files in standard format is pivotal for reducing the overall timeframes of HSDS creation and leverage it for policy and investment purpose